{"id":17231,"date":"2025-10-05T06:57:56","date_gmt":"2025-10-05T04:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/?p=17231"},"modified":"2025-10-05T17:34:58","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T15:34:58","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: 28\/05\/2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: 05\/10\/2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0646 <strong>9,817 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u0623\u0631\u0636<strong> \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <strong>1881<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 554,000 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 <\/span><i style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/em>\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u061b \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a 8 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639). <strong>\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646 1900 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/strong> <strong>2023<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 <strong>79,338 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0648<strong>12,159 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 pdf (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 : <em>castellano<\/em>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649: (1) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/palbib.htm\"><b>http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/palbib.htm\u061b<\/b><\/a>(2) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/zionbib.htm\"><b>http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/zionbib.htm\u061b<\/b><\/a>(3) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1880: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/isrzionbib.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>htt<\/b><b>p:<\/b><b>\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/isrzionbib.htm<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#1_%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab_%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7_%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%84_%d9%85%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af\" >1.\u00a0 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#11_%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b9_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%b9%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1\" >1.1 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#12_%d9%87%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%87%d9%88%d8%af_%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89_%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86_%e2%80%a6%d9%88%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%87%d9%85_%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85%d8%9f\" >1.2 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 &#8230;\u0648\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#2_%d9%85%d9%86_%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89_%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a1_%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9_%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84\" >2. \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#21_%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%b9_%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1_%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%af%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89_%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9\" >2.1 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#22_%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a_%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%86_%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a_%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b0_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85_1922\" >2.2. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#23_%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a9_%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%85_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9_%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85_181\" >2.3 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 181<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#24_%d8%a5%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86_%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84_%d9%85%d9%86_%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\" >2.4 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#3_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a9\" >3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#4_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85_%d9%85%d8%b9_%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%88_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85_1993_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85_1995\" >4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#_5_%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%81_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%b8%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85\" >\u00a05. \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#6_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%b1_%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%a9_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9_%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%85_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\" >6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#7_%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a9_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%86_%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%ab_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b6_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9\" >7. \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#71_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a\" >7.1 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#72%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86\" >7.2.\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/#73_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7_%d8%b5%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\" >7.3 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 : \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab_%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7_%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%84_%d9%85%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af\"><\/span><strong>1.\u00a0 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f: <strong>(1)<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong>)\u061b <strong>(2)<\/strong> \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629)\u061b \u0648<strong>(3)<\/strong> \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a (<strong>\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629). \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b9_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%b9%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1\"><\/span><strong>1.1 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>(1. \u0623)<\/strong> <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062e [\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 39 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0640 22 (\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 13 (\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645)]\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0642\u062f <strong>\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0623\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062e \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">(<strong>1.\u0628<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f <strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f <strong>\u062d\u062f\u062b<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1978 \u06481981. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (\u0635 83 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639)\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 (\u0635 40 \u064897)\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 (\u0635 110 \u0648117 \u0648119-122 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639)\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0635 111)\u061b \u0648\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0635 115)\u061b \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 (\u0635 128)\u061b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u0635 128).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 15 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 167\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a 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https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Imagen2.jpg 403w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c<strong> \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 1: 1) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_%d9%87%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%87%d9%88%d8%af_%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89_%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86_%e2%80%a6%d9%88%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%87%d9%85_%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85%d8%9f\"><\/span><strong>1.2 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 &#8230;\u0648\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642.\u0645. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/a>&#8221; \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 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\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%d9%85%d9%86_%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89_%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a1_%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9_%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84\"><\/span><strong>2. \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%b9_%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1_%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%af%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89_%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>2.1 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u00a0<strong>1.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B5%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1896 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1897 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 (\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: &#8220;\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 &#8220;\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u00a0 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c <strong>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0647&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"99%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"15%\"><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\"><strong>\u066a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646<\/strong><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"20%\"><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"16%\"><strong>\u066a <\/strong><strong>\u0627<\/strong><strong>\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"15%\"><strong>(1) 1881<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">9,817<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">2,3%<\/td>\n<td width=\"20%\">413,729<\/td>\n<td width=\"16%\">97,12%<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">425,966<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"15%\"><strong>(2) 1922<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">83,694<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">11%<\/td>\n<td width=\"20%\">657,560<\/td>\n<td width=\"16%\">86,84%<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">757,182<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"15%\"><strong>(3) 1945<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">554,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">31,4%<\/td>\n<td width=\"20%\">1,179,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"16%\">66,8%<\/td>\n<td width=\"15%\">1,765,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<sup><a href=\"#footnote_3_17231\" id=\"identifier_3_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:\n(1) \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1881-1882\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a (\u0639\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 425,966 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 413,729 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (371,969 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064841,760 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u06489,817 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a &ldquo;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 1830-1914 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&ldquo;\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646\u060c 1985. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:Jarait li taadad 1881. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627: Taadad 1881 bil arabia.\n(2) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1922. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0635 8 \u064859) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637: 1922 Palestine British Census pags 1-8 &amp; 59.\n(3) \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 &ldquo;\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649&rdquo; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637:1945 Village Statistics original-1-3)\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 6% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a (1) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a (2) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a (3) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642.\">&nbsp;3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1865<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/palestine-exploration-fund-pef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0636&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1891.<sup><a href=\"#footnote_4_17231\" id=\"identifier_4_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1891\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: &ldquo;\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f &hellip; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 &hellip; \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.&rdquo;\">&nbsp;4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a_%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%86_%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a_%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b0_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85_1922\"><\/span><strong>2.2. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914-1918)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1916 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1915 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646)<strong> \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a 5 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 <strong>1916<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1917 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/a>. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a: (1) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b (2) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061b (3) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 &#8211; \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u00a0 [\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1919 \u06481946] \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 24 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 <strong>1922<\/strong>. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0641 &#8211; \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 4 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a 23 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1922\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_1922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/a>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 757,182 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 (590,890 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a 78.03% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f (83,694 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a 11%)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 (73,024 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a 9.64%) \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (9,574 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a 1.33%\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 7028 \u062f\u0631\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629). <strong>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0640<\/strong> 657,560 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (<strong>86.84%<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup><a href=\"#footnote_5_17231\" id=\"identifier_5_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 26 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 = \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0647. &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1917 \u0648 1948\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 12% \u0625\u0644\u0649 34%&#8230;. \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1939\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 247,000 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0623\u064a 30000 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c &#8230; \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a &#8220;\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933&#8243;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1935 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a&#8221;. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a (\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_1936-1939\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 <strong>1936<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/a> <strong>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0641\u064a 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 <strong>1937<\/strong>. \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 (\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062d\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1937\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939. \u0648\u062d\u0634\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 50,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 20,000 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u064815,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0641)\u060c \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641). <strong>\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1936-1939<\/strong> \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 5,000 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648500 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648262 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6_(1939)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 17 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 <strong>1939<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648<strong>\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0640 75,000 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. <strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629<\/strong><sup><a href=\"#footnote_7_17231\" id=\"identifier_7_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1939\u060c &ldquo;\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&hellip; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 &ndash; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 &ndash; \u0642\u062f \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645&hellip;. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1939\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d &ldquo;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a&rdquo; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a 1932 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f&hellip;.\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1939)&hellip; \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a9_%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%85_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9_%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85_181\"><\/span><strong>2.3 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 181<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/undocs.org\/A\/RES\/181(II)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 181 (II)<\/a><\/strong> \u0641\u064a 29 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 <strong>1947<\/strong> \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 33 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064813 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 10 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;<strong> \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a <strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong>: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a 52% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 46%\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0623)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0648<strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0628)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-15697\" src=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3_Mapa-de-Palestina-de-la-pagina-21-de-la-Resolucion-181-II-de-1947-145x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"145\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3_Mapa-de-Palestina-de-la-pagina-21-de-la-Resolucion-181-II-de-1947-145x300.jpg 145w, https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3_Mapa-de-Palestina-de-la-pagina-21-de-la-Resolucion-181-II-de-1947-494x1024.jpg 494w, https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3_Mapa-de-Palestina-de-la-pagina-21-de-la-Resolucion-181-II-de-1947.jpg 656w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 145px) 100vw, 145px\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13329\" src=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/imagen3-164x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"164\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/imagen3-164x300.png 164w, https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/imagen3.png 273w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 164px) 100vw, 164px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-15884\" src=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1947-Resolucion-UNGA-181-II-mapa-de-Jerusalen-278x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1947-Resolucion-UNGA-181-II-mapa-de-Jerusalen-278x300.jpg 278w, https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1947-Resolucion-UNGA-181-II-mapa-de-Jerusalen-768x828.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1947-Resolucion-UNGA-181-II-mapa-de-Jerusalen.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 181 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 181.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24_%d8%a5%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86_%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84_%d9%85%d9%86_%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\"><\/span><strong>2.4 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 181 II\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1948<strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 50 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a<\/a> \u0641\u064a 10 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1948\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1948 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a 2 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062d\u064a 120 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0645 <strong>\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a 14 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1948. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<sup><a href=\"#footnote_8_17231\" id=\"identifier_8_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &ldquo;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&rdquo; \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 ,&nbsp; \u063536-37. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &ldquo;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&rdquo;.\">&nbsp;8<\/a><\/sup>\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0634\u0646\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong><sup><a href=\"#footnote_9_17231\" id=\"identifier_9_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u064a\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.\">&nbsp;9<\/a><\/sup> <strong>(1948-1949)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062f 750,000 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/span> \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0640 531 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064811 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 26% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 181 (2)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 77% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0637 13,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10,000 \u064815,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u06486,373 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a (4,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06482,373 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f<\/strong><sup><a href=\"#footnote_10_17231\" id=\"identifier_10_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 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\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: https:\/\/www.zochrot.org\/articles\/view\/56528\/en?iReturn\nhttps:\/\/www.palestineremembered.com\/index.html\">&nbsp;10<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1986)\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u064f\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a 17 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948\u060c \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a 11 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 194 (III)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a 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\u0639\u0627\u0645<strong> 1956<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup><a href=\"#footnote_11_17231\" id=\"identifier_11_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &ldquo;\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644&rdquo; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1982 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.\">&nbsp;11<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1,650 \u06483,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648172 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064816 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064810 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u062d\u0634\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1981\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f 1970\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 <strong>1982<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong>&#8220;\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;<strong>\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627<\/strong>&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 6,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (1975-1990).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0642\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1985\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 (\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 573).<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85_%d9%85%d8%b9_%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%88_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85_1993_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85_1995\"><\/span><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 <strong>1987<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u063a\u0632\u0629) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06401,374 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064893 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 <strong>1988<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 <strong>\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646 30 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0648 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 <strong>1991<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_1991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a: (1) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u061b \u0648(2) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647.<sup><a href=\"#footnote_12_17231\" id=\"identifier_12_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &ldquo;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&rdquo; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.\">&nbsp;12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0631\u062a <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649<strong> \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 13\/09\/<strong>1993<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a 24\/09\/<strong>1995<\/strong> \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a 28\/09\/1995. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 (\u0623) \u0648(\u0628) \u0648(\u062c)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a 13 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1995\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0640 73% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u061b \u064897% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u064880% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<sup><a href=\"#footnote_13_17231\" id=\"identifier_13_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &ldquo;\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&rdquo;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &ldquo;\u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u063a&rdquo;. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 41\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 7\/8\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 25\/09\/1995\u060c \u0635 40704\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631:1995 P&aacute;ginas del Keesing&rsquo;s Recorld of World Events.\">&nbsp;13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a 26 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 <strong>1994<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a <strong>\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 &#8211; \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994 &#8211; \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 <strong>1994<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a 29 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a 4 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 <strong>1995<\/strong>\u060c<strong> \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 <strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 <strong>\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\/\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a.<sup><a href=\"#footnote_14_17231\" id=\"identifier_14_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\".&rdquo;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646&rdquo;, JSTOR, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 48\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 12-17,\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u063a\u0626\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640&rdquo;\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641&rdquo; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 &ldquo;\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f&rdquo; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.\">&nbsp;14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_5_%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%81_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%b8%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85\"><\/span><strong>\u00a05. \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <strong>1996<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a <strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996: \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 88% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u064055 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 88 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0624\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2000\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2001 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 (\u0645\u0635\u0631) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a 29 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a>. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06403,368 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u06481,008 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 1397 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 12 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2002 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a 27 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2002 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2002\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 30 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2003 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 1515 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 19\/11\/2003.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%b1_%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%a9_%d9%81%d9%8a_%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9_%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%85_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 <strong>2001<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><sup><a href=\"#footnote_15_17231\" id=\"identifier_15_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0648<strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2005 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 9\/07\/2004 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a, \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 <strong>2005 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 21 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 <strong>2006<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2009\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 1,300 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064811 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 14 \u064821 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 <strong>2012<\/strong>\u060c \u0634\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0636\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 162 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 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2005. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c<strong> \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631 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(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 1,330 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<sup><a href=\"#footnote_16_17231\" id=\"identifier_16_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0640&rdquo;\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631&rdquo;\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/special-procedures\/sr-palestine\nhttps:\/\/undocs.org\/en\/A\/73\/447\n&nbsp;https:\/\/undocs.org\/es\/A\/77\/356\n\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &ldquo;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 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rtl;\">\u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1947 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 46% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 26,300 \u0643\u06452 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064852% \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 26,300 \u0643\u06452 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> 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\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 800 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0625\u0644\u0649 111,600 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 234,000 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>468,300<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 <strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u0645 <strong>2022<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 124,000 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992 \u0625\u0644\u0649 236,200 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 49 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 2234 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16242 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/maplossofland-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"484\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/maplossofland-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/maplossofland.jpg 687w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"72%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span><strong>7.2.\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 9,817 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6,982,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646: (\u0623) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u061b \u0648(\u0628) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4%\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 750,000 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,280,000 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 , \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2033.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> 657,560 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a 86.84% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 7,478,450 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 (250,000) \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 (750,000) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967 (350,000) \u0648\u0630\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0627) \u0628\u0640 <strong>5,9 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a<sup><a href=\"#footnote_17_17231\" id=\"identifier_17_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 &ldquo;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632&rdquo; (\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 68,666 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627-\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064810,829 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627-\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 pdf \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (castellano) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2000 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1900 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 79,338 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064812,159 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a.\">&nbsp;17<\/a><\/sup>\u060c <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a<\/span><\/strong> 79,338 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u00a0 \u064812,159 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/strong><\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>91,497 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"73_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7_%d8%b5%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>7.3 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 : \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 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style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1502 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1527 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629&#8221;\u061f\u00a0 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_2_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_3_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>(1) \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1881-1882\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a (\u0639\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 425,966 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 413,729 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (371,969 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064841,760 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u06489,817 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/kupdf.net_kemal-karpat-ottoman-population-1830-1914-demographic-and-social-characteristics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 1830-1914 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646\u060c 1985. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<a href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Jarait-li-taadad-1881.pdf\">Jarait li taadad 1881<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627: <a href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Taadad-1881-bil-arabia.pdf\">Taadad 1881 bil arabia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649<a href=\"https:\/\/ia804709.us.archive.org\/3\/items\/PalestineCensus1922\/Palestine%20Census%20(1922).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 192<\/strong>2<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0635 8 \u064859) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1922-Palestine-British-Census-pags-1-8-59.pdf\">1922 Palestine British Census pags 1-8 &amp; 59<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>(3)<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/users.cecs.anu.edu.au\/~bdm\/yabber\/census\/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf]\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649&#8221;<\/a><\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <strong>1945 <\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637:<a href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1945-Village-Statistics-original-1-3.pdf\">1945 Village Statistics original-1-3<\/a>)\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 6% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a (1) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a (2) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a (3) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_3_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_4_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/ahad-ha-rsquo-am\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1891\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: &#8220;\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f &#8230; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 &#8230; \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_4_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_5_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 26 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 = \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c 2018\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_5_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_6_17231\" class=\"footnote\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-196917\/\">\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 5 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 5)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 5&#8243;\u0647\u064a &#8220;enclosure in n\u00ba 5&#8243;<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_6_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_7_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yadvashem.org\/articles\/academic\/holocaust-factor-birth.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1939\u060c &#8220;\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8230; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 &#8211; \u0642\u062f \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645&#8230;. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1939\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a 1932 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f&#8230;.\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1939)&#8230; \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636&#8221; \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636&#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631&#8230; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627&#8230; \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_7_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_8_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 ,\u00a0 \u063536-37. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &#8220;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_8_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_9_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u064a\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_9_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_10_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a <strong>\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647<\/strong> \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/yplus.ps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Pappe-Ilan-The-Ethnic-Cleansing-of-Palestine.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f\u060c 2006\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/strong> \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/larryjhs.fastmail.fm.user.fm\/The%20Birth%20of%20the%20Palestinian%20Refugee%20Problem%20Revisited.pdf\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2004.\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_1948\">\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zochrot.org\/articles\/view\/56528\/en?iReturn\">https:\/\/www.zochrot.org\/articles\/view\/56528\/en?iReturn<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palestineremembered.com\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.palestineremembered.com\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_10_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_11_17231\" class=\"footnote\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u063a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.il\/en\/pages\/55-address-by-pm-begin-at-the-national-defense-college-8-august-1982\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 1956 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1982 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_11_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_12_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a <strong>\u0622\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645 <\/strong>\u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/warpeaceinmiddle0000shla\/mode\/1up\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88\"> \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648<\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_12_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_13_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u063a&#8221;. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 41\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 7\/8\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 25\/09\/1995\u060c \u0635 40704\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631:<a href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1995-Paginas-del-Keesings-Recorld-of-World-Events.pdf\">1995 P\u00e1ginas del Keesing&#8217;s Recorld of World Events<\/a>.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_13_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_14_17231\" class=\"footnote\">.&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44821371\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646&#8221;<\/a>, JSTOR, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 48\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 12-17,\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u063a\u0626\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647<strong> \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_14_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_15_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/case\/131\">\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 163.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_15_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_16_17231\" class=\"footnote\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0640&#8221;\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/special-procedures\/sr-palestine\u061b\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/special-procedures\/sr-palestine<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/undocs.org\/en\/A\/73\/447\">https:\/\/undocs.org\/en\/A\/73\/447<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/undocs.org\/es\/A\/77\/356\">https:\/\/undocs.org\/es\/A\/77\/356<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1900 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 79,338 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064812,159 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_17_17231\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 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\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[295,323,291],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-295","category-323","category-291"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17231"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17231\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}