{"id":26790,"date":"2011-04-13T18:25:15","date_gmt":"2011-04-13T16:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/?p=26790"},"modified":"2026-08-30T19:24:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T17:24:53","slug":"%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/00_Invitacion-CSM-para-acto-sobre-Gabriela-Mistral.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 (CSM)<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a\u064f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/04_GABRIELA-MISTRAL-en-ar.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/partner\/x3i2862\/media\/video\/details\/xayrl0m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 1<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/partner\/x3i2862\/media\/video\/details\/xayrqla\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 2<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/partner\/x3i2862\/media\/video\/details\/xayrv2q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 3<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: center;\"><b>\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a<\/b><\/h1>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#_1%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9\" >\u00a01.\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#2_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%84\" >2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#21_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a9_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%81%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a%d9%86_%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa_%d8%aa%d9%8f%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%90%d9%91%d8%b3%d9%87%d9%85%d8%8c_%d9%88%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa_%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%84_%d9%85%d9%86_%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%84_%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84_%d9%85%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%84%d9%87%d9%85\" >2.1. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#22_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\" >2.2. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#23_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\" >2.3. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#231_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a\" >2.3.1. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#232_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9_%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9%d8%8c_%d9%83%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a8%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7\" >2.3.2. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#2321_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84\" >2.3.2.1. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#2322_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1\" >2.3.2.2. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#2323_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1\" >2.3.2.3. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#2324_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a8\" >2.3.2.4. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#24_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1%d8%a9\" >2.4. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627: \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#241_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9\" >2.4.1. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#242_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9\" >2.4.2. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%8c_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%86%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88%d9%83%d9%84_%d8%b0%d9%84%d9%83_%d8%a8%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%81_%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9\" >3.\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9\" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_1%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>\u00a01.<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 (\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a: \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%84\"><\/span><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a9_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%81%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a%d9%86_%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa_%d8%aa%d9%8f%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%90%d9%91%d8%b3%d9%87%d9%85%d8%8c_%d9%88%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa_%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%84_%d9%85%d9%86_%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%84_%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84_%d9%85%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%84%d9%87%d9%85\"><\/span><strong>2.1. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0647: \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1904\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0634\u063a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a <\/strong>\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1889. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mgmistral.gob.cl\/\">\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a 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\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629\u00bb\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb (1929)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930\u061b \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1938 \u06481944.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1933 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1935. \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1935 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1936\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1936 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1938 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u06311938 a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1940. \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1940\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644). \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1941\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947. \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1950\u060c \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1950 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1951) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1952\u060c \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1953\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa\"><\/span><strong>2.3. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"231_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%a8_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a\"><\/span><strong>2.3.1. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a 12 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1914\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 <em>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a (FECh) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 <em>\u00ab\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u00ab\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0633\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627<strong>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u00ab\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0633\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 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\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u00abTala\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645<strong>1954<\/strong>, a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631: \u00abLagar\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a 10 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href=\"https:\/\/villagrimaldi.cl\/noticias\/fallece-gerardo-hernandez-roa-sobreviviente-de-villa-grimaldi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627<\/strong><\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"232_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9_%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9%d8%8c_%d9%83%d9%84_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a8%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span><strong>2.3.2. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2321_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84\"><\/span><strong>2.3.2.1. 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rtl;\">\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0646\u0647\u0628\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u00bb\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0636!<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u00a0 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u0623\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0623\u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u00a0\u0633\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0633\u0623\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0633\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u00a0\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629!<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0623\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a\u061b<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631!<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u062d\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u061b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2322_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1\"><\/span><strong>2.3.2.2. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0646: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>2.3.2.2.1. \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u063a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f 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\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918. \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u060c 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style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629\u2026<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2323_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1\"><\/span><strong>2.3.2.3. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 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style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0630\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061f 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\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0642\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u061b \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2324_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a8\"><\/span><strong>2.3.2.4. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u062e\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0632\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u00ab\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u00bb!<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0635\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0643\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u064a\u062f \u00ab\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062f\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064d 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\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0637\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621!<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9_%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>2.4. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627: \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"241_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>2.4.1. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062f\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab \u00bb (\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648: \u00ab\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8230; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8230; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0634\u0629&#8230; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647&#8230; \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u062f\u064a \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">I :\u00a0 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">II: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u062f. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">III: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u064f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">IV: \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">V: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0637\u0647\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.VI<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">VII. \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">VIII: \u0633\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646: \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">IX: \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">X: \u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"242_%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9_%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9\"><\/span><strong>2.4.2. \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c <\/strong>\u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 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\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633: \u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u062d\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f\u00bb. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0648 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <strong>\u00ab\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0631\u00bb\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646la India ) \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 <\/strong>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628<strong>\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u2014\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0634\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0646\u0649\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0649\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629! \u064a\u0627 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rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u00ab\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b 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rtl;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premio_Nacional_de_Literatura_de_Chile\">\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a 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rtl;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0623\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0631\u064a\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0646.: <u>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629 <\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u00ab\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0648\u00bb\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0648\u060c 1999.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. <u>\u00abEn Verso y Prosa. Antolog\u00eda de Gabriela Mistral<\/u>\u00bb. \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648. 2010.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c.: \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u062c\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a: <u>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/u>\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2005.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062f\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0623.: <u>\u00ab\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 <\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0633\u060c 2004 [\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a].<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c.: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c 1983.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0628.: <u>\u00ab\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0628. \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u062d\u0628<\/u>\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1984.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a: <u>\u00ab\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/u>\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u00ab\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u00bb\u060c 2004.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0632\u0641\u0627\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0633.: <u>\u00ab\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633<\/u>\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u00ab\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0648\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c 2002.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 (CSM) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280,285],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-280","category-285"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26790"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26803,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26790\/revisions\/26803"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mongonzalez.es\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}